Ua hele ʻo Pelekikena Joe Biden i ka North American International Auto Show ma Detroit.ʻO Biden, ka mea i kapa iā ia iho ʻo "Automobile", tweeted, "I kēia lā ua kipa au i ka Detroit Auto Show a ʻike i nā kaʻa uila me koʻu mau maka ponoʻī, a hāʻawi kēia mau kaʻa uila iaʻu i nā kumu he nui e manaʻo maikaʻi ai i ko mākou wā e hiki mai ana."Akā ʻo ka hilahila, ʻo Biden ua lawe au i ke kiʻi oʻu iho a me ke kaʻa wahie - ʻo ke kaʻa ka 2023 Chevrolet Corvette (nā ʻāpana | nīnau) Z06.
ʻOiai ua hoʻohenehene kēia i ka poʻe netizens a me ka Republican Party, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia mai ka wā i noho ai ʻo Biden i ke keʻena, ʻo nā kulekele kākoʻo US e pili ana i nā kaʻa ikehu hou e hoʻomau mau nei.Ua hoʻohiki ʻo Biden ma ka Detroit Auto Show e hāʻawi i nā ʻumi piliona kālā i nā hōʻaiʻē, ka hana ʻana a me nā ʻauhau ʻauhau mea kūʻai aku a me nā haʻawina e hoʻolōʻihi i ka hoʻololi ʻana mai nā kaʻa ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā kaʻa uila.
Ma ka manawa like, ua hōʻike pū ʻo ia i kekahi mau mea i hoʻokō ʻia i ke kānāwai, ʻo ia kekahi o ka Inflation Reduction Act, e ʻōlelo ana ʻaʻole e hāʻawi ʻo ʻAmelika i nā haʻawina no nā kaʻa ikehu hou no nā ʻeke pākahi a me nā mea maka i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻāina koʻikoʻi.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, kuhikuhi ʻo Biden i ka manamana lima i nā pihi mana i ka makahiki i hala: "Ke hana nei ʻo Kina i 80% o nā pihi mana o ka honua.ʻAʻole wale lākou i hana ʻia ma Kina, akā hana ʻia ma Kelemania a me Mexico, a laila lawe ʻia aku i ka honua.I ka ʻike ʻana aia ʻo Kina i ka ʻoihana pākaukau Me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaulahao, ua hoʻokumu paʻa ʻo Biden iā FLAG, "ʻAʻole hiki iā Kina ke lanakila!No ka mea, ʻaʻole mākou e ʻae iā lākou e lanakila.
Ma lalo o ka hoʻokele Biden, ua manaʻo ʻia e wehe ʻia ka mākeke kaʻa uila US e like me Kina a me ʻEulopa.I ka manawa like, ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ka mea makemake e loaʻa ka "pili liʻiliʻi" me Kina, ke koi nei i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke kaulahao ʻoihana kaʻa hou.
■Hiki i ka ʻoihana kaʻa uila ke "decouple" maoli?
Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻo Biden i ka "Inflation Reduction Act", nona ka hopena nui loa i nā ʻoihana Kina ma o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā palena pākaukau mana i nā haʻawina no nā kaʻa ikehu maʻemaʻe, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e ka ʻoihana he "decoupling" o ka ʻoihana kaʻa uila US. .
Manaʻo ka bila e hoʻomau i ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi hōʻaiʻē ʻauhau $7,500 no nā kaʻa hou, e wehe i ka pāpale kālā kālā 200,000 no nā hui kaʻa, akā e hoʻohui i kahi koi "Made in America".ʻO ia hoʻi, pono e hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā kaʻa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hana ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana ʻāpana uila ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, a ua hana ʻia ka hapa nui o nā kumu minerala koʻikoʻi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a i ʻole e nā hoa kālepa manuahi US, a me ka pā uila. ʻAʻole pono e loaʻa mai nā ʻāpana a me nā kumu waiwai koʻikoʻi mai nā ʻāina ʻē.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Carla Bailo, ka pelekikena o ka Center for Automotive Research (CAR), no nā pahuhopu i loko o ka bila: "I ka nui o kā mākou nele i nā mea i kēia manawa, manaʻo wau ʻaʻohe huahana i kēia lā e kū ana i kēlā kūlana."
ʻAʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia.Ma muli o nā palena o kāna mau waiwai ponoʻī a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ua lohi ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o nā mea waiwai pākaukau ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Ma waena o nā mea maka no nā pihi mana, ʻo nā mea nui loa he nickel, cobalt, a me ka lithium.Hoʻolaha nui ʻia nā kumuwaiwai lithium honua i ka "triangle lithium" o ʻAmelika Hema, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Argentina, Chile a me Bolivia;ʻO nā kumu waiwai nickel ka mea nui ma Indonesia a me Philippines;Hoʻolaha nui ʻia nā kumuwaiwai cobalt ma nā ʻāina e like me Congo (DRC) ma ʻApelika.Hoʻopili ʻia ke kaulahao ʻoihana hoʻoili uila mana ma Kina, Iapana a me South Korea.
"E koi ka bila i nā hui kaʻa ikehu hou e ʻimi i nā manawa hou aʻe e loaʻa ai nā kumuwaiwai mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a i ʻole nā ʻāina i loaʻa nā kuʻikahi kālepa manuahi me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a laila e hoʻopilikia ai i ke kaulahao lako lako uila honua.ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kaulahao lako e hoʻonui ai i ke kumukūʻai o nā mea pākaukau.ʻO Fitch Ratings ʻAmelika ʻĀkau ʻo Stephen Brown, ka luna nui o nā ʻoihana ʻoihana.
Ua ʻōlelo pololei ʻo John Bozzella, ka pelekikena o ka American Automobile Innovation Alliance, ma kahi o 70% o nā kaʻa uila 72 a me nā plug-in hybrids i kēia manawa ma ka mākeke US ʻaʻole e kūpono hou.Ma hope o Ianuali 1, 2023, e hoʻokō ʻia ka hapa liʻiliʻi o 40% o nā mea maka a me 50% o nā ʻāpana pākaukau, ʻaʻohe kumu hoʻohālike e ʻae ʻia no ke kālā piha.E pili ana kēia i ka pahuhopu o ʻAmelika e hōʻea i ka 40% -50% o nā kūʻai kaʻa uila e 2030.
Ua pane pū ʻo Li Qian, ke kākau ʻōlelo o ka papa alakaʻi o BYD i ka "decoupling" o nā kaʻa uila ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ma ka pōʻai WeChat o nā hoaaloha: ʻAʻole wau i ʻike, pehea e wehe ʻia ai ka ʻoihana kaʻa uila?I loko o ka ʻoihana kaʻa uila, aia nō ʻo ʻAmelika i ka wā kamaliʻi a ke hilinaʻi nei i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā haʻawina e kākoʻo ai iā ia, ʻoiai ua hoʻololi loa ʻo Kina mai ka hoʻokele kulekele i ka mākeke.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia nā ʻāina i hana i mua o mākou a ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa nei iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.Wahi a nā hōʻike pāpaʻi o South Korea, ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka "Inflation Reduction Act", ʻaʻole i ʻae ke aupuni o South Korea i ka hui L&F o South Korea, nāna e hana i nā lako uila kaʻa, e kūkulu i hale hana ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
ʻO ke kumu i hāʻawi ʻia e ka Korean Ministry of Industry ʻo ia nā mea waiwai, nā kaʻina hana a me nā ʻenehana hana e pili ana i nā pākaukau rechargeable ʻo ia nā ʻenehana ʻoki loa e hoʻoholo ai i ke kumu no ka hoʻokūkū o ka ʻoihana pākaukau.Inā holo kēia mau ʻenehana i nā ʻāina ʻē, he hopena maikaʻi ʻole ia i ka ʻoihana South Korea a me ka palekana aupuni.
Mai ka manaʻo kūpono, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā pākini Kina, e hilinaʻi mau nō ʻo ʻAmelika i nā mea hoʻolako pākahiko Korea i ka wā pōkole.Ma waena o lākou, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Ford a me SKI a hoʻolālā e kūkulu i ʻekolu hale hana super me ka huina o 130GWh;E kūkulu ʻo GM i kahi hui pū me LG New Energy.;Loaʻa iā Stellantis, LG New Energy a me Samsung SDI nā pihi mana hoʻonohonoho.
"Hoʻohana ka paepae kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa honua LG i ka ʻenehana ikehu hou"
ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā kulekele pili kaʻa hou i ka "Inflation Reduction Law" ma mua o ka manaʻo o ka mākeke, ʻaʻole i kau ke kulekele i ka palena kiʻekiʻe ma ka pālākiō o nā haʻawina a uhi maopopo i nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana, me kahi manawa lōʻihi loa.
Eia naʻe, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ka Auto Innovation Alliance, kahi hui hui kaʻa nui o ʻAmelika, e like me ka bila, inā makemake nā hui kaʻa ʻAmelika e loaʻa i nā haʻawina haʻahaʻa, ʻehā mau makahiki e hoʻoponopono ai i ke kaulahao lako.Inā makemake lākou e hoʻokō piha i nā kaohi ʻelua o nā mea maka a me ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana, No ke kākoʻo piha ʻana, pono ʻoe e kali a hiki i ka 2027 a i ʻole 2028.
He mea kūpono ke ʻōlelo ʻia i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i hauʻoli ʻo Tesla a me GM i ke kālā o 7,500 yuan no kēlā me kēia kaʻa, akā hiki iā lākou ke pōmaikaʻi inā hoʻokō lākou i nā koi kālā ma hope.Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Tesla e hoʻopau ana i nā hoʻolālā e hana i nā pihi ma Kelemānia i mea e hiki ai ke kūpono i ka hōʻaiʻē ʻauhau ʻauhau ʻo US.I kēia manawa, ke kūkākūkā nei lākou i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā lako hana i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
■Ke pilikia nui nei nā hui Kina?
ʻO Tesla, he alakaʻi mua, ʻaʻole ia ka mea hana kaʻa uila nui loa ma ka honua.I ka hapa mua o kēia makahiki, kūʻai aku ʻo BYD i nā kaʻa uila 640,000, ʻoiai ʻo Tesla, ʻo ia ka mea mua ma mua, kūʻai aku ʻo 564,000 wale nō, ke kūlana lua.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻohenehene ʻo Musk iā BYD i nā manawa he nui, a ua hoʻopio pololei ʻia i ka hālāwai ninaninau, "He hui ʻo BYD me ka ʻenehana ʻole, a kiʻekiʻe loa ke kumukūʻai o ke kaʻa no ka huahana."Akā ʻaʻole kēia i pale iā Tesla a me BYD mai ka lilo ʻana i mau hoaaloha..Ua hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻona Blade i hoʻolako ʻia e BYD i Tesla's Gigafactory ma Berlin, Kelemānia, e like me ka poʻe he nui i kamaʻāina i kēia mea.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻaʻohe kūlana paʻa, ʻo nā pono mau loa wale nō, a ua hoʻohui lōʻihi ʻia ka ikaika hou o Kina a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Ma hope o nā makahiki o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana, ua hoʻokumu ka mākeke kaʻa kaʻa hou o Kina i ka pūʻulu kaulahao ʻoihana piha loa i ka honua.I mea e hoʻoikaika ai i ka pono e kamaʻilio ma ke kaulahao ʻoihana, e hoʻāʻo pū nā mea hana pākaukau i hōʻike ʻia e CATL i kā lākou mea maikaʻi loa e hoʻonui i kā lākou mau tentacles i ke kaulahao ʻoihana upstream.Nui nā hui Kina i komo pū i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mines o waho ma o ke komo ʻana i ke kaulike, underwriting, a me ka ʻona ponoʻī.ʻO Ganfeng Lithium a me Tianqi Lithium kahi ʻoihana e hoʻomohala hou aku i nā mines lithium ma waho.
Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o ka mana honua TOP10, 6 mau hui Kina, 3 mau hui Korea, a me 1 hui Iapana ua lilo i mea maʻamau.Wahi a ka ʻikepili hou loa ʻo SNE Research, ʻeono mau hui Kina i ka nui o ka mākeke o 56%, a ua hoʻonui ʻo CATL i kāna māhele mākeke mai 28% a i 34%.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻopau ke kaulahao ʻoihana kaʻa uila o Kina i kahi holomua piha mai luna a lalo i lalo o nā kumu waiwai mineral e hoʻopaʻa i ka lepo, loaʻa nā pā uila waena i kahi paʻa paʻa, a mohala nā mea hoʻokele kaʻa i lalo ma nā wahi āpau.
A ua paʻa ʻo Biden e "hoʻokaʻawale ʻole" mai ka "battery" honua.Ua hoʻoholo ʻo CATL e hoʻopaneʻe i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kahi hale hana ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ma muli o nā ʻāʻī ma luna o ka ʻōlelo a ka US House, e like me ka poʻe i kamaʻāina i kēia mea.Ua hōʻike ʻia ua hoʻolālā mua ka hale hana e hoʻolilo i nā piliona kālā e hoʻolako i nā kaʻa Tesla a me Ford.
Ma mua, ua wehewehe ʻo Zeng Yuqun, ka luna o CATL: "Pono mākou e hele i ka mākeke US!"Akā i kēia manawa ua hoʻolilo ʻo CATL i 7.34 biliona euros ma ka mākeke Hungarian.
Malia paha, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻoihana e hoʻokuʻu i kā lākou hoʻolālā e komo i ka mākeke US a kūkulu paha i nā hale hana ma US.Ma mua, he mea paʻakikī loa i nā hui kaʻa Kina e hoʻokuʻu aku i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.Ma waho aʻe o ke keakea politika, he ʻōnaehana hoʻoponopono koʻikoʻi ko ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a ua kapu pinepine ʻia nā hui kaʻa Kina.Mai ka makahiki 2005, ua ho'āʻo a hāʻule nā manaʻo Kina ʻeono.
Ke manaʻo nei ka mea kālailai kaʻa kaʻa i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka "Inflation Reduction Act" ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hoʻopau maoli i nā poho i nā hui kaʻa Kina, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo nā hui kaʻa Kina i nā hale hana nui ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a me kā lākou mākeke. ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole ka māhele ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa..No ka mea ʻaʻohe ʻoihana, ʻo ka hopena maikaʻi loa ʻaʻole hiki ke komo i ka mākeke US.
"I kēia manawa, ʻo ka pohō nui loa ʻo ia ka lawe ʻana aku i nā pihi mana, akā hiki i nā ʻoihana uila mana Kina ke hilinaʻi i ka mākeke ʻEulopa e hoʻoponopono ai, a ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻoihana waiwai e hiki ke lawe mai i nā pono kumukūʻai i nā ʻoihana pākaukau Kina."Wahi a ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna.
■Hiki i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ke hoʻihoʻi i nā "makahiki ʻehā i nalowale"?
Mai ka wā i noho ai ʻo Trump i ke keʻena, ua loaʻa i nā kaʻa ikehu hou ʻAmelika i kahi "nalo ʻehā makahiki", aneane stagnating i ka pae kulekele aupuni, a ua haʻalele loa ʻia e Kina a me ʻEulopa.
No ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa o 2020, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kūʻai ʻana o nā kaʻa uila ma United States ma mua o 350,000, aʻo nā helu ma Kina a me ʻEulopa he 1.24 miliona a me 1.36 miliona, kēlā me kēia.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi iā Biden ke hoʻonui i ka noi o nā mea kūʻai aku ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kālā, no ka mea, paʻakikī loa nā palena i kau ʻia e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e paʻakikī ai i nā hui kaʻa a me nā mea kūʻai aku ke loaʻa kālā maoli.
Ma mua, ʻelua mau bila stimulus i manaʻo ʻia e Biden ua loaʻa pū kekahi i nā pilikia.I ka wā i hiki mua ai ʻo Biden i ka mana, ua hoʻolei ʻo ia i ʻelua mau "poma mōʻī" i kekahi ma hope o kekahi: ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻoihana kaʻa uila he $ 174 biliona kulekele hoʻoulu e kākoʻo i ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā puʻu charging, etc.;ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻihoʻi i ka hoʻokele Trump.Ua kāpae ʻia ke kālā kūʻai kaʻa kaʻa hou i loko o ka manawa, a ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o ke kālā kōkua kaʻa i 12,500 US.
ʻOkoʻa mai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke koho ʻana i ka aila a i ʻole ka ikehu hou ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻaʻole ia he mea e pili ana i ke ala i ka ʻoihana ʻoihana, akā he ʻano aniani e pili ana i ka politika.
Eia kekahi laʻana, aia kahi kū'ē'ē i kaʻoiaʻiʻo o kaʻoihanaʻaila o ka US he nui nā kulekele kōkua kōkua,ʻo ka mea maʻamau o ia kaʻauhau haʻahaʻa ma ka'enela.Ua noiʻi kekahi hale noiʻi kūloko i ka lakio o ka ʻauhau ʻaila i ke kumukūʻai kūʻai hope loa, a ʻike ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa he 11%, ʻoiai ʻo Kina he 30%, Iapana ʻo 39%, a ʻo Kelemania he kiʻekiʻe me 57%.
No laila, ua emi loa ka 174 biliona kālā ma lalo o ke keakea pinepine ʻana o ka Republican Party, a ua kau pū ka waihona kālā 12,500 i kahi paepae: ʻo $ 4,500 wale nō no nā hui kaʻa "unionized" - GM, Ford a me Stellantis, Tesla a me nā hui ʻē aʻe. kū ma ka puka.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ma waho aʻe o Tesla, kahi e noho nei ma kahi o 60% -80% o ka mākeke kaʻa uila US, ʻekolu mau ʻoihana kaʻa kaʻa nui o ʻAmelika i ke kaumaha kaumaha, lag i ka hoʻololi ʻana, a me ka nele o nā huahana pahū i hiki ke hahau ʻia. .Ua ʻoi aku ka hip ka hana.
Wahi a ka helu ICCT, aia he 59 mau hiʻohiʻona ikehu hou i ke kūʻai aku ma ka mākeke US ma 2020, ʻoiai ʻo Kina a me ʻEulopa e hāʻawi ana i 300 a me 180 mau hiʻohiʻona i ka manawa like.
Ma ke ʻano o ka ʻikepili kūʻai aku, ʻoiai ke kūʻai aku nei nā kaʻa uila ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma mua o ka pālua i ka 630,000 i 2021, kūʻai aku ma Kina kokoke i ʻekolu i ka 3.3 miliona, e helu ana no ka hapalua o ka huina honua;Ua piʻi ke kūʻai aku i 65% i 2.3 miliona mau kaʻa.
I ka hapa mua o kēia makahiki, ma ke ʻano o ke kāhea ʻana o Biden no ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai aila, ua hoʻonui wale ʻia ke kūʻai ʻana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e 52%.%.
Wahi a nā mea noiʻi ʻoihana, me ka wikiwiki o ke komo ʻana o nā hui kaʻa i hoʻokumu ʻia e like me GM, Ford, Toyota, a me Volkswagen, a me nā pūʻali uila hou e like me Rivian, ua manaʻo ʻia ma 2022, ka helu o nā kaʻa uila i United States. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mokuʻāina i ka 100, a ua manaʻo ʻia e komo i kahi kūlana hoʻokūkū ma waena o hoʻokahi haneli kula o ka manaʻo.E hoʻopiha ka F150-Lighting, R1T, Cybertruck, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka hakahaka i ka mākeke pickup uila maʻemaʻe, a ʻo Lyric, Mustang Mach-E, Wrangler a me nā ʻano hoʻohālike ʻē aʻe e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonui hou i ke komo ʻana o ka mākeke US SUV.
I kēia manawa, ʻike maopopo ʻo ʻAmelika i kahi kūlana ma hope e pili ana i nā kaʻa uila.I kēia manawa, ʻo ka helu komo ʻana o ka mākeke kaʻa kaʻa holoʻokoʻa hou ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa aia nō ma kahi haʻahaʻa o 6.59%, aʻo ka piʻi ʻana o nā kaʻa kaʻa hou i Kina ua hiki i 22%.
E like me kā Li Qian i ʻōlelo ai, "Ke ulu nei ka ʻoihana kaʻa uila o Kina i ka hakakā mau no nā makahiki he nui.ʻO ka mokuʻāina i kēia manawa ke hilinaʻi nei ʻo ʻAmelika i ke kākoʻo, a ke hilinaʻi nei ʻo Kina i ka involution a me ka ʻike.Akaka ma ka nana aku owai ke au.ʻO nā ʻoihana e hiki ke ola i ka hoʻokūkū, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻokūkū ma ka mākeke honua. "
Eia naʻe, pehea e mālama ai i ka pono o ka neʻe mua ʻana o nā kaʻa uila ke kumu o kā mākou noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.Ma hope o nā mea a pau, lōʻihi loa ke ala no nā kaʻa ikehu hou, a ma ke kahua o ka naʻauao, paʻa mau kā mākou chips.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-22-2022