Ua kūpono ka manawa a ua kūpono ka wahi, a ua noho nā hui kaʻa uila a pau o Kina.Me he mea lā ua lilo ʻo Kina i ke kikowaena o ka ʻoihana kaʻa uila o ka honua.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma Kelemania, inā ʻaʻole hāʻawi kāu ʻāpana i nā pila e hoʻouka ai, pono paha ʻoe e kūʻai iā ʻoe iho.ma ka paepae puka.Eia naʻe, ke kūkākūkā mau nei mākou no ke aha i hiki ʻole ai i nā hui kaʻa Kelemania maikaʻi ke hana iā Tesla, a ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke ʻimi i nā kumu i kēia manawa.
I ka makahiki 2014, ua paʻi ʻo Professor Lienkamp o ke Kulanui ʻenehana o Munich i kahi puke hou "Status of electrical mobility 2014", he manuahi a wehe ʻia i ke kaiāulu, a ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "ʻOiai he mau hemahema nā kaʻa uila, ʻaʻole wau i ʻike i kahi kaʻa e like me ka ʻole. ua loaʻa iā ia kahi neʻe uila.ʻO ka mea hoʻokele o ke kaʻa, e komo hou i ka apo o ke kaʻa kuʻuna.ʻO ke kaʻa uila maʻamau e lawe mai iā ʻoe i ka hauʻoli o ka hoʻokele ʻana, ʻaʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e kahi kaʻa ʻaila.Hiki i ia kaʻa ke hana i ka mea nona ke kaʻa ʻaʻole e hoʻohou Ke kiola hou i loko o nā lima o nā kaʻa kuʻuna?
E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, ʻo ka puʻuwai o kahi kaʻa uila ka pā.
No kahi kaʻa uila maʻamau, ma lalo o ka hoʻokolohua maʻamau ʻEulopa, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu no 100 mau kilomita ma kahi o 17kWh, ʻo ia hoʻi, 17 kWh.Ua aʻo ʻo Kauka Thomas Pesce i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu o nā kaʻa paʻa ma lalo o ka hoʻonohonoho kūpono.Me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole i ke kumukūʻai, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu no 100 kilomita i loaʻa ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana i loaʻa ma mua o 15kWh.'O ia ho'i, i ka wā pōkole, e ho'ā'o ana e hō'emi i ka ho'ohana 'ana i ka ikehu ma ka ho'onui 'ana i ka pono o ke ka'a pono'ī, me ka no'ono'o 'ole i ke kumu kū'ai hou aku, he mea li'ili'i ka hopena o ka ikehu.
E lawe i kā Tesla 85kWh puʻupuʻu pākahi ma ke ʻano he laʻana.ʻO 500km ka mamao holo kaʻa.Inā hoʻemi ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu i 15kWh/100km ma o nā hana like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka mamao kaʻa i 560km.No laila, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ke ola pākaukau o ke kaʻa e like me ka hiki o ka pahu pahu, a ua paʻa ka coefficient proportional.Mai kēia manaʻo, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pila me ka nui o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe (ʻo ka ikehu Wh/kg no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana paona a me ka ikehu Wh/L no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana leo pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia) he mea nui e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o nā kaʻa uila, no ka mea nā kaʻa uila, noho ka pākaukau i kahi hapa nui o ka nui o ke kaumaha.
ʻO nā ʻano pākahi lithium-ion a pau ka mea i manaʻo nui ʻia a ʻo ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia.ʻO nā pākahi lithium i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻa ʻo ia ka nui o ka nickel cobalt lithium manganate ternary battery (NCM), nickel cobalt lithium aluminate battery (NCA) a me ka lithium iron phosphate battery (LPF).
1. Nickel-cobalt lithium manganate ternary battery NCMhoʻohana ʻia e nā kaʻa uila he nui ma waho no ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hana ʻana o ka wela, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi, ke ola lōʻihi, a me ka ikaika o ka ikehu o 150-220Wh/kg.
2. NCA nickel-cobalt aluminate lithium battery
Hoʻohana ʻo Tesla i kēia pākaukau.He kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka ikehu, ma 200-260Wh/kg, a manaʻo ʻia e hiki koke i 300Wh/kg.ʻO ka pilikia nui,ʻo Panasonic wale nō ka mea hiki ke hana i kēia pākaukau i kēia manawa, he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai, aʻo ka palekana ka meaʻoi aku kaʻino ma waena o nā pahu lithiumʻekolu, e koi ana i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka pūnaewele hoʻomalu.
3. LPF lithium iron phosphate pākaukau ʻO ka hope, e nānā kākou i ka pākaukau LPF i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kaʻa uila.ʻO ka pōʻino nui loa o kēia ʻano pākaukau ʻo ia ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka ikehu, hiki ke piʻi wale i 100-120Wh/kg.Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā LPF kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā ia iho.ʻAʻohe o kēia i makemake ʻia e nā mea hana EV.ʻO ka hoʻolaha nui ʻana o LPF ma Kina e like me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i hana ʻia e nā mea hana hale no ka mālama ʻana i ka pākaukau a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoluʻu - ʻoi aku ka paʻa a me ka palekana o nā ʻāpana LPF, a hiki ke hōʻoia i ka hana paʻa ʻoiai me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele pākaukau maikaʻi ʻole a me ke ola pākaukau lōʻihi.ʻO kekahi pōmaikaʻi ʻē aʻe i lawe ʻia e kēia hiʻohiʻona ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mana hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe loa o kekahi mau pākahi LPF, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana hoʻoikaika kaʻa.Eia kekahi, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai o nā pihi LPF, no laila ua kūpono ia no ka hoʻolālā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa i kēia manawa o nā kaʻa uila home.Akā inā e hoʻomohala ikaika ʻia ʻo ia e like me ka ʻenehana pākaukau o ka wā e hiki mai ana, aia nō kahi māka nīnau.
ʻEhia ka nui o ka pākaukau o kahi kaʻa uila maʻamau?He pūʻolo pila me nā kaukani Tesla mau tausani ma ke ʻano a me ka like, a i ʻole he pūʻolo pākahi i kūkulu ʻia me kekahi mau ʻeke nui mai BYD?He nīnau noiʻi ʻia kēia, a ʻaʻohe pane maopopo i kēia manawa.ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona wale nō o ka puʻupuʻu pākahi i haku ʻia me nā pūnaewele nui a me nā pūnaewele liʻiliʻi e hōʻike ʻia ma ʻaneʻi.
Ke liʻiliʻi ka pākaukau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka wela o ka pākaukau, a hiki ke hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻia ka mahana o ka pā uila holoʻokoʻa ma o ka hoʻolālā hoʻoheheʻe wela kūpono e pale ai i ka wela kiʻekiʻe mai ka wikiwiki a hoʻemi ʻia mai ka pā. ola o ka pila.ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mana a me ka ikehu o nā pākahi me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.ʻO ka hope, a ʻo ka mea nui, ʻo ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikehu i loaʻa i kahi pākahiko hoʻokahi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka palekana o ke kaʻa holoʻokoʻa.ʻO kahi pūʻolo pila i haku ʻia me ka heluna nui o nā keʻena liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai inā hāʻule kahi kelepona hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole ia e pilikia nui.Akā inā he pilikia i loko o kahi pākaukau me ka mana nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia palekana.No laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kelepona nui i nā mea pale, kahi e hōʻemi hou ai i ka nui o ka ikehu o ka pā pākaukau i haku ʻia me nā cell nui.
Eia nō naʻe, me ka hoʻonā Tesla, ʻike ʻia nā hemahema.Pono nā kaukani mau kaukani i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele paʻakikī paʻakikī, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ke kumukūʻai hou.ʻO ka BMS (Battery Management System) i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka Volkswagen E-Golf, kahi sub-module e hiki ke hoʻokele i nā ʻeke 12, he $17.E like me ka manaʻo o ka helu o nā pila i hoʻohana ʻia e Tesla, ʻoiai inā he haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai o ka BMS hoʻomohala ponoʻī, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o Tesla ma BMS ma mua o 5,000 US kālā, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 5% o ke kumukūʻai. kaʻa holoʻokoʻa.Mai kēia manaʻo, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka pākaukau nui.Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻemi nui ʻia ke kumukūʻai o ka BMS, pono e hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka pā pākaukau e like me ke kūlana o ke kaʻa.
E like me kekahi ʻenehana koʻikoʻi i nā kaʻa uila, lilo pinepine ke kaʻa i kumu nui o ke kūkākūkā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mīkini wai me ka nui o Tesla me ka hana kaʻa haʻuki, ʻoi aku ka kupaianaha (hiki i ka mana kiʻekiʻe o ke kaʻa Model S ke piʻi aku ma mua o 300kW, ʻO ka palena kiʻekiʻe. ʻO 600Nm ka torque, a ua kokoke ka mana kiʻekiʻe i ka mana o kahi kaʻa hoʻokahi o kahi EMU kiʻekiʻe.Ua ʻōlelo kekahi poʻe noiʻi ma ka ʻoihana kaʻa Kelemania penei:
ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻo Tesla i nā mea ʻē aʻe koe nā mea maʻamau (kino alumini,kaʻa asynchronous no ka propulsion, ʻenehana chassis maʻamau me ka eahoʻokuʻu ʻia, ESP a me kahi ʻōnaehana kaʻa maʻamau me ka pauma uila uila, nā cell laptop etc.)
Hoʻohana ʻo Tesla i nā ʻāpana maʻamau a pau, ke kino alumini, nā kaʻa asynchronous, ka hoʻolālā kaʻa maʻamau, ka ʻōnaehana brake a me ka pākaukau laptop etc.
Aia wale ka hana hou maoli i ka ʻenehana e hoʻopili ana i ka pākaukaunā pūnaewele, e hoʻohana ana i nā uwea hoʻopaʻa ʻana a Tesla i patent, a me ka pākaukauʻōnaehana hoʻokele i hiki ke hoʻomālamalama ʻia "ma luna o ka lewa", ʻo ia hoʻi kaʻAʻole pono ke kaʻa e holo i kahi papa hana no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lako polokalamu.
ʻO ka mea akamai wale nō a Tesla i kā lākou lawelawe ʻana i ka pākaukau.Hoʻohana lākou i kahi uwea pākaukau kūikawā, a me kahi BMS e hiki ai i ka pūnaewele uʻi pololei me ka ʻole o ka pono e hoʻi i ka hale hana e hoʻonui i ka polokalamu.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hou loa ka mana kiʻekiʻe asynchronous motor Tesla.Ma ke kumu hoʻohālike Roadster mua loa o Tesla, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana o Taiwan's Tomita Electric, a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa loa nā ʻāpana mai nā ʻāpana i hoʻolaha ʻia e Model S. Ma ka noiʻi o kēia manawa, loaʻa i nā loea ma ka home a me nā ʻāina ʻē nā hoʻolālā no nā kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, mana kiʻekiʻe. nā moto hiki ke hoʻokomo koke i ka hana.No laila, i ka nānā ʻana i kēia kahua, e pale i ka Tesla mythical - maikaʻi nā kaʻa Tesla, akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi i hiki ʻole i kekahi ke kūkulu iā lākou.
Ma waena o nā ʻano kaʻa he nui, ʻo nā mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻa uila ka nui o nā kaʻa asynchronous (i kapa ʻia ʻo induction motors), nā motika synchronous hoʻoliʻoli waho, nā kaʻa kaʻa synchronous mau loa a me nā ʻenekini synchronous hybrid.ʻO ka poʻe i manaʻoʻiʻo he ʻike ka ʻike o nā kaʻa mua ʻekolu e pili ana i nā kaʻa uila.He haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai a me ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe o nā kaʻa Asynchronous, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana a me ka maikaʻi o ka mīkini paʻa, ka liʻiliʻi akā ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe, a me ka mana o ka pauku wikiwiki wikiwiki..
Ua lohe liʻiliʻi paha ʻoe e pili ana i nā motika synchronous hybrid, akā i kēia manawa, ua hoʻomaka ka nui o nā mea hoʻolako kaʻa ʻEulopa e hāʻawi i kēlā mau kaʻa.He kiʻekiʻe loa ka mana o ka mana a me ka pono, a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka overload, akā ʻaʻole paʻakikī ka mana, kūpono loa i nā kaʻa uila.
ʻAʻohe mea kūikawā e pili ana i kēia kaʻa.Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mīkini paʻa paʻa paʻa, ma kahi o nā magnet mau loa, hoʻohui pū ka rotor i kahi wili hau e like me ka motika synchronous kuʻuna.ʻAʻole wale kēlā ʻano kaʻa ka mana kiʻekiʻe i lawe ʻia e ka magnet mau, akā hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ke kahua magnetic e like me nā mea e pono ai ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, hiki ke maʻalahi i kēlā me kēia māhele wikiwiki.ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau ʻo ka HSM1 series motor i hana ʻia e BRUSA ma Switzerland.ʻO ka HSM1-10.18.22 ka pihi hiʻona e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo.ʻO ka mana kiʻekiʻe he 220kW a ʻo ka torque kiʻekiʻe loa he 460Nm, akā ʻo kona nui he 24L wale nō (30 knm ke anawaena a me 34 knm ka lōʻihi) a me ke kaumaha ma kahi o 76kg.Hoʻohālikelike ka mana a me ka torque density i nā huahana Tesla.ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke kumukūʻai.Ua lako ʻia kēia kaʻa me ka mea hoʻololi pinepine, a ʻo ke kumukūʻai ma kahi o 11,000 euros.
No ke koi ʻana i nā kaʻa uila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka ʻenehana kaʻa.ʻO ka mea i nele i kēia manawa he kaʻa i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā kaʻa uila, ʻaʻole ka ʻenehana e hana i kēlā ʻano kaʻa.Manaʻo ʻia me ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke a me ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke, ʻoi aku ka kaulana o nā kaʻa me ka mana kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai i ka poʻe.
No ke koi ʻana i nā kaʻa uila, aia wale nō ka nele o nā kaʻa i hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia no nā kaʻa uila.Manaʻo ʻia me ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke a me ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke, ʻoi aku ka kaulana o nā kaʻa me ka mana kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai i nā kānaka.
Pono e hoʻi ka noiʻi e pili ana i nā kaʻa uila i ke ʻano.ʻO ke kumu o nā kaʻa uila he palekana a kūpono hoʻi ka lawe ʻana, ʻaʻole ia he hale hana ʻenehana kelepona, a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka ʻenehana.I ka hōʻike hope loa, pono e hoʻolālā a hoʻolālā ʻia e like me nā pono o ka ʻāina.
ʻO ka puka ʻana mai o Tesla ua hōʻike i ka poʻe i ka wā e hiki mai ana i nā kaʻa uila.He aha ke ʻano o nā kaʻa uila e hiki mai ana a me ke kūlana e noho ai ʻo Kina i ka ʻoihana kaʻa uila i ka wā e hiki mai ana.ʻO kēia hoʻi ka nani o ka hana ʻenehana: ʻaʻole like me ka ʻepekema kūlohelohe, ʻo ka hopena hiki ʻole i hōʻike ʻia e nā kānāwai o ka ʻepekema pilikanaka pono i nā poʻe e hoʻokō iā ia ma o ka ʻimi paʻakikī a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana!
(Kakau: ka moho PhD i ka ʻenekinia kaʻa uila ma ke Kulanui ʻenehana o Munich)
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-24-2022