Meka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nānā ʻana i nā pihi mana.ʻO ka pākaukau, ka ʻōnaehana kaʻa a me ka ʻōnaehana uila ʻekolu mau mea nui o nā kaʻa ikehu hou, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka pā uila mana, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia ka "naʻau" o nā kaʻa ikehu hou, no laila he aha nā pihi mana o nā mea hou. nā kaʻa ikehu?Pehea e pili ana i nā ʻāpana nui?
1. Lead-acid battery
ʻO ka pākaukau lead-acid (VRLA) he pākaukau nona nā electrodes i hana nui ʻia me ke kēpau a me kāna mau oxides, a ʻo ka electrolyte he solution sulfuric acid.I ka moku'āina i hoʻopiʻi ʻia o ka pākaukau lead-acid, ʻo ka mea nui o ka electrode maikaʻi ke alakaʻi dioxide, a ʻo ka mea nui o ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole ke alakaʻi;i ka moku'āina i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, ʻo ka mea nui o nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole ke alakaʻi sulfate.He 2.0V ka volta nominal o kahi pākahiko lead-acid hoʻokahi, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia i 1.5V a hoʻopiʻi.i ka 2.4V;i loko o nā noi, ua hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā 6 mau pahu pahu alakaʻi-acid hoʻokahi i ka moʻo e hana i kahi pākahi 12V lead-acid nominal, a me 24V, 36V, 48V, etc.
Ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana oʻo, ʻo nā pākī lead-acid wale nō ka pākaukau no nā kaʻa uila i hiki ke hana nui ʻia ma muli o ko lākou kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka hiki ke hoʻokuʻu kiʻekiʻe.Eia nō naʻe, haʻahaʻa loa ka ikehu kikoʻī, ka mana kikoʻī a me ka nui o ka ikehu o nā pākī lead-acid, a ʻo nā kaʻa uila e hoʻohana ana i kēia ma ke ʻano he kumu mana ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ka wikiwiki a me ka holo ʻana.laulā .
2. ʻO nā pihi Nickel-cadmium a me nā ʻāpana nickel-metal hydride
ʻO Nickel-cadmium battery (Nickel-cadmium battery, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo NiCd, i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo "nye-cad") kahi pākaukau kaulana.Ke hoʻohana nei kēia pākaukau i ka nickel hydroxide (NiOH) a me ka metala cadmium (Cd) ma ke ʻano kemika e hana ai i ka uila.ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna hana ʻana ma mua o nā pākī lead-acid, aia nā metala kaumaha, e hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana a haʻalele ʻia.
Hiki ke hoʻopiʻi a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka pā nickel-cadmium ma mua o 500 mau manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a paʻa.Heʻuʻuku kona kū'ē i loko, liʻiliʻi ke kū'ē o loko, hiki ke hoʻouka kokeʻia, a hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i kahi manawa nui no ka ukana, a he liʻiliʻi ka hoʻololi voltage i ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻuʻana,ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi loa o ka mana DC.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā pihi nickel-cadmium ke kūpaʻa i ka overcharge a overdischarge.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pākaukau Ni-MH me ka ion hydrogen a me ka nickel metala, a ʻo kona mālama mana he 30% ʻoi aku ma mua o ka Ni-Cd pākahi..
3. Lithium pākahiko
ʻO ka pākaukau Lithium kahi ʻano pākaukau e hoʻohana ana i ka metala lithium a i ʻole lithium alloy e like me nā mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole a hoʻohana i ka solution electrolyte non-aqueous.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻeke Lithium i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: nā pākahi metala lithium a me nā ʻona lithium ion..ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka lithium i loko o ka pahu lithium-ion a hiki ke hoʻouka hou ʻia.
Hoʻohana maʻamau nā pāʻani metala Lithium i ka manganese dioxide ma ke ʻano he mea electrode maikaʻi, ka lithium metala a i ʻole kona metala hoʻohui e like me ka mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole, a hoʻohana i ka hopena electrolyte non-aqueous.Hoʻokumu nui ʻia nā mea pākaukau Lithium: nā mea electrode maikaʻi, nā mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole, separator, electrolyte.
Ma waena o nā mea cathode, ʻo nā mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia he lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate a me nā mea ternary (polymers of nickel, cobalt and manganese).Loaʻa ka waiwai electrode maikaʻi i kahi hapa nui (ʻo ka nui o ka nui o nā mea electrode maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole ʻo 3: 1 ~ 4: 1), no ka mea, ʻo ka hana o ka mea electrode maikaʻi e pili pono i ka hana o ka pā lithium-ion, a me kāna kumukūʻai. hoʻoholo pololei hoʻi i ke kumukūʻai o ka pākaukau.
Ma waena o nā mea anode, nā mea anode o kēia manawa he graphite maoli a me ka graphite artificial.ʻO nā mea anode e ʻimi ʻia nei, ʻo ia nō nā nitrides, PAS, nā oxides i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka tin-based, nā alloys tin, nā mea anode nano, a me kekahi mau pūhui intermetallic ʻē aʻe.Ma keʻano he hoʻokahi o nā mea nui ʻehā o ka pākaukau lithium, ʻo ka mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole he kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hiki a me ka hana pōʻai o ka pākaukau, a ʻo ia ka loulou kumu i ka waena o ka ʻoihana pākaukau lithium.
ʻO kahi pahu wahie he mea hoʻololi ikehu electrochemical non-combustion.Hoʻololi mau ʻia ka ikehu kemika o ka hydrogen (a me nā wahie ʻē aʻe) a me ka oxygen i ikehu uila.ʻO kāna kumu hana ʻo ia ka H2 i oxidized i ka H + a me ka e- ma lalo o ka hana a ka anode catalyst, hiki i ka H + i ka electrode maikaʻi ma o ka membrane hoʻololi proton, hana me ka O2 ma ka cathode e hoʻohua i ka wai, a hiki i ka cathode ma o ka kaapuni waho, a me ka hopena hoʻomau e hoʻopuka i kēia manawa.ʻOiai aia ka huaʻōlelo "battery" i ka wahie, ʻaʻole ia he waihona ikehumea hana ma ke ano kahiko, akā he mea hana mana.ʻO kēia ka ʻokoʻa nui loa ma waena o kahi pahu wahie a me kahi pākaukau maʻamau.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jun-05-2022