1. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā motika DC
1. Brushless DC motor:
ʻO ka mīkini DC brushless e hoʻololi i ka stator a me ka rotor o ka mīkini DC maʻamau.ʻO kāna rotor he magnet mau loa e hoʻohua ai i ka ea-gap flux.Ma ka hoʻolālā, ua like ia me ka motor synchronous magnet mau loa.ʻO ke ʻano o ka brushless DC motor stator e like me ke ʻano o ka mīkini synchronous maʻamau a i ʻole ka induction motor.Hoʻokomo ʻia nā wili ʻana he nui (ʻekolu-phase, ʻehā-phase, ʻelima-phase, etc.) i loko o ke kumu hao.Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā wiliwili i ka hōkū a i ʻole delta, a pili pū ʻia me ʻO nā paipu mana o ka inverter ua hoʻopili ʻia no ka commutation kūpono.Hoʻohana nui ka rotor i nā mea honua laha ʻole me ka ikaika coercive kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe remanence kiʻekiʻe e like me ka samarium cobalt a i ʻole neodymium iron boron.Ma muli o nā kūlana like ʻole o nā mea magnetic i loko o nā pole magnetic, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā pole magnetic surface, nā pole magnetic i hoʻokomo ʻia a me nā pole magnetic ring.No ka mea ʻo ke kino kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa paʻa mau loa, he mea maʻamau ke kāhea ʻana i ke kaʻa DC brushless i kapa ʻia hoʻi ka mīkini paʻa mau brushless DC.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā motika Brushless DC i nā makahiki i hala iho nei me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana microprocessor a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uila uila hounā mea hana me ke alapine hoʻololi kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana haʻahaʻa, a me ka optimization o nā ʻano hoʻomalu a me ka puka ʻana o nā kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe mau mea magnet.Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi ʻano ʻano kaʻa DC hou.
ʻAʻole mālama wale nā motika DC Brushless i ka hana hoʻoponopono wikiwiki maikaʻi o nā kaʻa DC kuʻuna, akā loaʻa nō hoʻi nā mea maikaʻi o ka pili ʻole ʻana a me ka commutation sparks, hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe, ola lōʻihi a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i ka aerospace, nā mea mīkini CNC. , nā robots, nā kaʻa uila, etc.
E like me nā ʻano mana lako like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā motika DC brushless i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: nā hawewe kūhāhā brushless DC motors, nona ke kua EMF waveform a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka nalu o kēia manawa he mau hawewe ʻaoʻao ʻelua, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka hawewe rectangular permanent magnet synchronous motors;ʻO ka mīkini DC brushed, kona ʻano nalu EMF hope a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka nalu o kēia manawa he mau hawewe sine.
2. Palaki DC motor
(1) ʻO ka mokini DC magnet mau loa
Māhele kaʻa kaʻa DC maʻemaʻe mau: ʻenekini paʻa mau loa o ka honua, ka motika DC ferrite mau loa a me ka mokika DC mau loa alnico.
① Rare earth permanent magnet DC motor: He liʻiliʻi ka nui a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana, akā pipiʻi, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka aerospace, kamepiula, nā mea kani downhole, etc.
② Ferrite permanent magnet DC motor: ʻO ke kino pole magnetic i hana ʻia me nā mea ferrite he mea maʻalahi a maikaʻi ka hana, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea pono hale, nā kaʻa, nā mea pāʻani, nā mea uila a me nā māla ʻē aʻe.
③ Alnico permanent magnet DC motor: Pono ia e ʻai i ka nui o nā metala makamae, a he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai, akā hiki ke hoʻololi maikaʻi i ka wela kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā manawa e kiʻekiʻe ai ka mahana ambient a i ʻole ke koi ʻia o ka paʻa wela o ka kaʻa.
(2) Electromagnetic DC motor.
Electromagnetic DC kaʻa kaʻa: series hauʻoli DC motor, shunt excited DC motor, hoʻokaʻawale hoʻoliʻiliʻi DC kaʻa a me ka hui pū ʻana i ka motor DC.
① Series hauʻoli DC motor: Hoʻohui ʻia ke au i ka series, shunted, a ua pili ka wili o ke kahua me ka armature, no laila e loli nui ke kahua magnetic o kēia kaʻa me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke au armature.I mea e ole ai ka nui o ka poho a me ka wili uila i loko o ka wili wiliwili, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kūʻē ʻana o ka wili hoʻohiwahiwa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, no laila ua ʻeha maʻamau ka DC series excitation motor me kahi uea mānoanoa, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kāna mau huli.
② ʻO ke kaʻa DC hauʻoli ʻo Shunt: Hoʻohui like ʻia ka wili ʻana o ka motika DC shunt excited me ka wili lima.Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe shunt, ʻo ka volta terminal mai ka mīkini ponoʻī e hāʻawi i ka mana i ke kahua wili;e like me ka shunt motor, ke kahua wiliwili Kaʻana like mana lakome ka armature, ua like ia me ke kaʻa DC hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻōlelo o ka hana.
③ ʻO ke kaʻa DC hoʻokaʻawale kaʻawale: ʻAʻohe pili uila o ka wili o ke kahua me ka armature, a ua hoʻolako ʻia ke kaʻapuni kahua e kahi lako mana DC ʻē aʻe.No laila, ʻaʻole pili ke kahua o kēia manawa e ka volta terminal armature a i ʻole ka manawa armature.
④ ʻO ka motika DC hoʻouluulu ʻia: ʻO ka mīkini DC hoʻohuihui ʻia he ʻelua wili hoʻohiwahiwa, shunt excitation a me series excitation.Inā ʻo ka ikaika magnetomotive i hana ʻia e ka series excitation winding ma ke ala like me ka magnetomotive force i hana ʻia e ka shunt excitation winding, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka excitation hui huahana.Inā kū'ē nā kuhikuhi o nā mana magnetomotive ʻelua, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka excitation hui ʻokoʻa.
2. Ka loina hana o ka mokini DC
Aia ke apo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka motika DC, a ke hele nei ke ʻano i loko o ka coil ma ka rotor e hoʻoulu ai i ka ikaika ampere.I ka wā e like ai ka wili ma ka rotor me ke kahua magnetic, e hoʻololi ke kuhikuhi o ka māla magnetic i ka wā e hoʻomau ai ka ʻōwili ʻana, no laila e hoʻololi ka pulupulu ma ka hope o ka rotor Ua pili ʻia nā papa, no laila ke kuhikuhi o ka. ke hoʻololi nei ke ʻano o ka coil, a ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia ke kuhikuhi o ka ikaika Lorentz, no laila hiki i ke kaʻa ke hoʻomau i ka huli ʻana ma kahi ʻaoʻao.
ʻO ke kumu hana o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe DC ʻo ia ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka ikaika electromotive AC i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka coil armature i kahi mana electromotive DC i ka wā i huki ʻia ai mai ka hopena o ka palahū e ka commutator a me ka hopena commutation o ka pulupulu.
Hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o ka ikaika electromotive i hoʻokomo ʻia e like me ke kānāwai lima ʻākau (kuhikuhi ka laina magnetic i ka poho lima, kuhikuhi ka manamana lima i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea alakaʻi, a ʻo ke kuhikuhi o nā manamana lima ʻē aʻe ka kuhikuhi o ka ikaika electromotive i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka conductor).
Hoʻoholo ʻia ke kuhikuhi o ka ikaika e hana ana i ka conductor e ke kānāwai hema.Hoʻokumu kēia mau mana electromagnetic i kahi torque e hana ana ma ka armature.Ua kapa ʻia kēia torque i ka electromagnetic torque i ka mīkini uila wili.ʻO ke kuhikuhi o ka torque he counterclockwise, e hoʻāʻo ana e hoʻohuli i ka armature i ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao.Inā hiki i kēia torque electromagnetic ke lanakila i ka torque kū'ē ma ka armature (e like me ka torque kū'ē i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka friction a me nā torque hoʻouka ʻē aʻe), hiki i ka armature ke hoʻololi i ka counterclockwise.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-18-2023